References

Chapter-specific citations: the standard sources the educational content draws on. The show is fiction, not a source.

Tier Foundations

Foundations

Vital signs, labs, and imaging. First-principles physiology is in Costanzo; reference ranges are reviewed against a standard internal-medicine text.

  • Vital Signs & the Baseline
    • Costanzo, Physiology (book) - Linda S. Costanzo, 'Physiology' (Elsevier)
    • UpToDate (web) - Wolters Kluwer (subscription clinical reference): Normal vital signs and assessment of hemodynamic status.
  • Telemetry & Cardiac Monitoring
    • Costanzo, Physiology (book) - Linda S. Costanzo, 'Physiology' (Elsevier)
    • UpToDate (web) - Wolters Kluwer (subscription clinical reference): Continuous ECG monitoring and arrhythmia detection.
  • The Complete Blood Count
    • Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (book) - Kumar, Abbas, Aster (Elsevier)
    • UpToDate (web) - Wolters Kluwer (subscription clinical reference): Interpretation of the CBC and differential.
  • The Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) & Electrolytes
    • Costanzo, Physiology (book) - Linda S. Costanzo, 'Physiology' (Elsevier)
    • UpToDate (web) - Wolters Kluwer (subscription clinical reference): Electrolyte disorders and acid-base interpretation.
  • Urinalysis & Urine Studies
    • Costanzo, Physiology (book) - Linda S. Costanzo, 'Physiology' (Elsevier)
    • UpToDate (web) - Wolters Kluwer (subscription clinical reference): Urinalysis interpretation.
  • Imaging Modalities: X-ray, CT, MRI, PET
    • RadiologyInfo (RSNA/ACR) (web) - Radiological Society of North America / American College of Radiology

Tier Pharmacology

Pharmacology

Mechanisms of action and drug classes follow a standard pharmacology text.

  • GABA-A Modulation & Benzodiazepines
    • Katzung's Basic & Clinical Pharmacology (book) - Vanderah (McGraw-Hill)
    • Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (book) - Bruton et al. (McGraw-Hill)
  • Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics
    • Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (book) - Bruton et al. (McGraw-Hill)
    • UpToDate (web) - Wolters Kluwer (subscription clinical reference): Empiric antibiotic selection and antimicrobial stewardship.
  • Corticosteroids
    • Katzung's Basic & Clinical Pharmacology (book) - Vanderah (McGraw-Hill)
    • Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (book) - Bruton et al. (McGraw-Hill)
  • Immunosuppressants
    • Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (book) - Bruton et al. (McGraw-Hill)
    • Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (book) - Kumar, Abbas, Aster (Elsevier)
  • Beta-Blockers
    • Costanzo, Physiology (book) - Linda S. Costanzo, 'Physiology' (Elsevier)
    • Katzung's Basic & Clinical Pharmacology (book) - Vanderah (McGraw-Hill)
  • Thrombolytics
    • Katzung's Basic & Clinical Pharmacology (book) - Vanderah (McGraw-Hill)
    • ACC/AHA acute coronary syndrome guidelines (guideline) - American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association, STEMI guideline

Tier Procedures

Procedures

Acute and invasive procedures follow emergency and trauma references.

  • Lumbar Puncture & CSF
    • Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine (book) - Tintinalli et al. (McGraw-Hill)
    • UpToDate (web) - Wolters Kluwer (subscription clinical reference): Lumbar puncture technique and CSF interpretation.
  • Tissue Biopsy
    • Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (book) - Kumar, Abbas, Aster (Elsevier)
    • Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine (book) - Tintinalli et al. (McGraw-Hill)
  • Plasmapheresis
    • UpToDate (web) - Wolters Kluwer (subscription clinical reference): Plasmapheresis indications and practice.
  • Bronchoscopy
    • Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine (book) - Tintinalli et al. (McGraw-Hill)
    • UpToDate (web) - Wolters Kluwer (subscription clinical reference): Bronchoscopy indications and technique.
  • Cardiac Catheterization
    • ACC/AHA acute coronary syndrome guidelines (guideline) - American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association, STEMI guideline
    • UpToDate (web) - Wolters Kluwer (subscription clinical reference): Cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography.
  • Intubation & Airway
    • Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine (book) - Tintinalli et al. (McGraw-Hill)
    • ATLS - Advanced Trauma Life Support (guideline) - American College of Surgeons, 'ATLS Student Course Manual'
  • Dialysis
    • UpToDate (web) - Wolters Kluwer (subscription clinical reference): Renal replacement therapy indications.
    • Costanzo, Physiology (book) - Linda S. Costanzo, 'Physiology' (Elsevier)

Tier Pathology

Pathology

Disease mechanisms follow a pathology text; acute presentations follow emergency medicine.

  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
    • Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (book) - Kumar, Abbas, Aster (Elsevier)
    • UpToDate (web) - Wolters Kluwer (subscription clinical reference): SLE diagnosis and management.
  • Sarcoidosis
    • Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (book) - Kumar, Abbas, Aster (Elsevier)
    • UpToDate (web) - Wolters Kluwer (subscription clinical reference): Sarcoidosis.
  • Vasculitis
    • Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (book) - Kumar, Abbas, Aster (Elsevier)
    • UpToDate (web) - Wolters Kluwer (subscription clinical reference): Vasculitis syndromes, including ANCA-associated disease.
  • Amyloidosis
    • Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (book) - Kumar, Abbas, Aster (Elsevier)
  • Paraneoplastic Syndromes
    • Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (book) - Kumar, Abbas, Aster (Elsevier)
    • UpToDate (web) - Wolters Kluwer (subscription clinical reference): Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes.
  • Environmental Toxins
    • Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine (book) - Tintinalli et al. (McGraw-Hill)
    • UpToDate (web) - Wolters Kluwer (subscription clinical reference): Toxicology and poisoning management.
  • Heavy Metal Poisoning
    • Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine (book) - Tintinalli et al. (McGraw-Hill)
    • UpToDate (web) - Wolters Kluwer (subscription clinical reference): Heavy-metal poisoning and chelation.
  • Prion Diseases
    • Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (book) - Kumar, Abbas, Aster (Elsevier)
    • UpToDate (web) - Wolters Kluwer (subscription clinical reference): Prion diseases.
  • Rare & Opportunistic Infections
    • Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (book) - Kumar, Abbas, Aster (Elsevier)
    • UpToDate (web) - Wolters Kluwer (subscription clinical reference): Opportunistic and emerging infections.
  • Oncology & Cancer
    • Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (book) - Kumar, Abbas, Aster (Elsevier)
    • UpToDate (web) - Wolters Kluwer (subscription clinical reference): Cancer biology and treatment principles.
  • Neurologic Syndromes
    • Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (book) - Kumar, Abbas, Aster (Elsevier)
    • UpToDate (web) - Wolters Kluwer (subscription clinical reference): Neurologic presentations.
  • Hematology & Clotting
    • Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (book) - Kumar, Abbas, Aster (Elsevier)
    • UpToDate (web) - Wolters Kluwer (subscription clinical reference): Coagulation and bleeding disorders.
  • Kidney & Endocrine
    • Costanzo, Physiology (book) - Linda S. Costanzo, 'Physiology' (Elsevier)
    • Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (book) - Kumar, Abbas, Aster (Elsevier)

Tier Diagnostic Method

Diagnostic Method

Clinical reasoning is grounded in standard texts on diagnostic test interpretation and clinical method.

  • The Whiteboard Differential
    • UpToDate (web) - Wolters Kluwer (subscription clinical reference): Structured differential construction and the iterative hypothesis-based approach.
  • Cognitive Biases
    • The Importance of Cognitive Errors in Diagnosis (book) - Croskerry, Academic Emergency Medicine
  • Occam's Razor vs. Hickam's Dictum
    • Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (book) - Loscalzo et al. (McGraw-Hill): Approach to the patient and the role of heuristics in clinical reasoning.
  • Symptom Clustering
    • UpToDate (web) - Wolters Kluwer (subscription clinical reference): Pattern recognition in differential diagnosis.
  • False Leads & Red Herrings
    • Diagnostic Failure: A Cognitive and Affective Approach (book) - Croskerry
  • Test Characteristics & Pretest Probability
    • UpToDate (web) - Wolters Kluwer (subscription clinical reference): Sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and pretest probability.

Note: Citations describe the standard sources for each topic without page-level fabrication, and are intended as starting points for current, guideline-based study. Always follow the most recent version of a guideline and your local protocols over any summary here.

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